can confer cancer cells with enhanced tumor invasion and metastatic capabilities by promoting matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), an extracellular matrix degrader, through activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and the ERK1/2-Ets1/3-p38 pathway (37, 38) (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene F2RL1 and neoplasm.