CD4 and medical procedure: In fact, the adoptive transfer of sorted PA-specific CD4 Th1 lymphocytes expressing the associated chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 was sufficient to induce histological prostatitis, with the local expression of several cytokines and chemokines, which subsequently recruited more leukocytes worsening prostate inflammation and inducing chronic pelvic pain (27).