Based on this criterion, 7 (MMRN1, FLNA, PFN1, CALM3, TSPAN14, FERMT3 and CFL1) and 8 (SERPING1, FN1, LCAT, KNG1, APOC4, HP, APMAP and TSPAN14) biomarkers were selected for the LUAD (Fig. 4c) and LUSC groups (Fig. 4d), respectively, and 8 proteins (APMAP, KNG1, FLNA, PFN1, CALM3, TSPAN14, FERMT3 and CFL1) were selected for the LC group (Fig. 4e). Here, FERMT3 is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.