In general, in NB cells expressing TGF-βR1 and R2, exposure to TGF-β1 stimulates the cell cycle and increases the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, whereas in TGF-βR3 expressing NB cells TGF-β1 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation [46–48]. The gene discussed is TGFBR3; the disease is neuroblastoma.