In summary, the identification of a TGF-β1/TAK1/NF-κB/SMAD2 signalling pathway driven by the interaction between NB cells, TAM, and CAF in the TME leading toward drug resistance, provides an opportunity to revisit the contribution of TGF-β1 and NF-κB in NB progression. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neuroblastoma.