Interestingly, in addition to the anticipated increase in phosphorylated (p)-SMAD2, we observed an increase in p-NF-κB p65 by WB (Fig. 2a) and an increase in p-SMAD2 and p-NF-κB nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence microscopy (Fig. 2b) in NB cells in triple co-cultures or in NB cells cultured in the presence of CM from triple co-cultures. Here, SMAD2 is linked to neuroblastoma.