The introduction of and significant advancements in novel pharmacological approaches such as new cytotoxic agents, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monoclonal antibody and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, however, not only have improved patient outcomes but also have shifted the perception that these surgically treated cancers can possibly be managed as chronic diseases. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.