These two patients were a girl (BC22) with an IDH-mutant, CNS WHO grade 4 astrocytoma who carried a de novo heterozygous germline MSH2 variant and a boy (BC81) with anaplastic large cell lymphoma and compound heterozygous variants in FANCM. The most common reason for fulfilling ChiCaP criteria was the specific malignancy type (45%, 131/293), and half of those patients did not fulfill any additional criterion (Fig. 3d). Here, MSH2 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).