PLAU and hepatocellular carcinoma: 15.9 μM of 11-epi-SA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of HA22T cells, inhibit the protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in cells, increase the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting HCC (Lin et al., 2014).