SPP1 and colorectal carcinoma: In colorectal carcinoma, a combination of FAP-expressing fibroblasts and OPN-expressing TAMs corelate with poor responses to immune checkpoint (42), and indeed, in poorly differentiated tumours, OPN in TAMs has been shown to induce senescence in tumour cells in high grade tumours, with the development of a profound SASP which may drive tumour progression (43).