STAT3 and colorectal carcinoma: To confirm the role of STAT3 in mediating the efferocytosis effect of CRC-EVs on macrophages, we pre-treated BMDMs with Stattic, a phosphorylation inhibitor of STAT3, and found that it blocked the efferocytosis enhancement by CT26-EVs or MC38-EVs (Fig. 6G and H).