Moreover, analysis of patients with grade 3 TNBCs treated with cytotoxic anti-cancer agents demonstrated that those with MUC1-high (Fig. 6G) and NEAT1-high (Fig. 6H) tumors had significantly decreased relapse-free survival, supporting involvement of the MUC1-C/NEAT1 pathway in conferring chemoresistance. This evidence concerns the gene NEAT1 and cancer.