Thyroid hormone signalling (PAdj = 3.18 × 10−3), interferon signalling (PAdj = 8.68 × 10−3), and notch signalling (PAdj = 1.57 × 10−2) were uniquely associated with genes overlapping T2D and IBS (and partly, T2D and IBD), just as the leptin signalling pathway (PAdj = 4.43 × 10−4) was implicated for T2D–IBD overlapping genes (Supplementary Data 52–53, and 56–57). Here, TG is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.