Notably, five co-expressed SWDEGs (CXCL9, GIMAP2, ADAMTS5, GRAP, and PRF1) derived from the intersection of SDEGs and gene modules with positive correlations hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers, with the capability to discriminate patients with NASH and IBD from healthy individuals. The gene discussed is PRF1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.