A total of five SWDEGs (CXCL9, GIMAP2, ADAMTS5, GRAP, and PRF1) were screened from the intersection of SDEGs, IBD positively correlated gene modules (‘MEblack’, ‘MEyellow’, and ‘MEblue’) and NASH positively related gene module (‘MEbrown’) (Fig. 5E). The gene discussed is PRF1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.