This is further corroborated by the fact that increased levels of two of these proteins were previously found to increase risk of CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in prospective studies in persons with diabetes (TNF sR-I (TNFRSF1A), NBL1 (DAN) [30–33]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.