TNF and gestational diabetes: No correlations between maternal 3rd trimester TNF-α, and IL-6 values and fetal adiposity or birthweight were found in a healthy pregnant population of women without GDM (22), whereas maternal 2nd and 3rd trimester IL-6 values were inversely associated with weight and sum of skinfolds at birth in a study including women with GDM and without GDM (41).