Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/ligand 1 (PD-L1) have emerged as the most promising treatment approach and have been approved for first-line treatment of NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression (Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥ 50%) and without EGFR mutations or ALK/ROS1 alterations. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.