HIF1A and colonic neoplasm: As observed by Xia et al. (199), BPA exposure promotes a disproportionate production of ROS through NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC), activating in turn the HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Ak strain transforming) axis and inducing the invasiveness of colon cancer cells.