VSIG4 and ischemia: For example, decreased expression of V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4(VSIG4), a protein that protects against cardiac injury after ischemia in myocardial tissue, further activates TLR4/NF-κB and accelerates macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages, which leads to increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and aggravates cardiac injury after reperfusion (63).