However, MMP8, CXCL2, CXCL3, LCN2, SERPINE2, and CCL3 were not upregulated in the colon of patients with active IBD when compared to non-IBD subjects and patients with IBD in the inactive stage (Figure 9), but we should bear in mind that non-IBD subjects and patients with IBD in the inactive stage do not have health conditions, and these genes could be upregulated in these two groups of patients. Here, CCL3 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.