When increasing fold-change threshold to 10, 28 out of 71 upregulated genes in DSS-treated WT mice were IBD-related genes, while 128 out of 381 upregulated genes in DSS-treated miR-146a-/- mice were IBD-related genes, and 29 (such as Il1a, Il11, Il5ra, Il1r2, Cxcl13, Cxcl5, Osm, Arg1, Igfbp5, and Vsig4) out of 128 genes were predicted to be direct target genes of miR-146a by TargetScan8.0 (Supplementary Figures S2A, B; Supplementary Table S5). Here, IL1A is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.