CD4 and autoimmune disease: In addition to these abnormalities, recent studies have shown that Treg cells, which suppress immune response, and recent thymic emigrant T-cells (RTEs), which maintain T-cell diversity in the periphery, were decreased in many ICF patients, while effector memory CD4+ T-cells (CD4+TEM), which augments the immune response, and circulating follicular helper T-cells (cTFH), which are increased in the periphery of patients with autoimmune diseases, were increased in the majority of ICF patients (2, 21, 22).