However, the application of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors poses significant challenges, including tumor infiltration and trafficking difficulties, cytokine release syndrome, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and T-cell exhaustion within the complex tumor microenvironment (38, 169–172).Till date, various types of combination immunotherapies have been studied, such as CAR-T cell with anti PD-L1 (173), double immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy such as anti PD-1/PD-L1 plus anti-CTLA-4 (174), and CAR-T cells with anti PD-1 (175). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.