In addition, a study showed that HFD-induced mice and PA-induced HepG2 cells treated with quercetin saw a enhancement alleviation of insulin resistance via the IRS-1/AKT/FoxO1 pathway, and stimulated expressions of p-IRS1, p-AKT and GLUT4 in liver (Cheng et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2022). Here, IRS1 is linked to Insulin resistance.