IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Studies have shown that it can protect the expression of insulin signaling molecules in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats with T2DM induced by a high-fat diet and sucrose and improve blood glucose metabolism by enhancing the expression level of insulin receptor (IR) and GLUT4 and regulating the IRS-1/AKT mediated signaling pathway (Babu et al., 2020).