LEP and malignant colon neoplasm: This dysregulation, marked by elevated leptin production (proinflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-proliferative) and reduced adiponectin production (anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative) (Kolb et al., 2016), is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in men due to the association with high leptin levels (Stattin et al., 2003; Stocks et al., 2008).