Moreover, considering that TAMs express substantial amounts of COX-2, experiments in animal models of colon cancer, have demonstrated that the use of COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib, results in a phenotypic shift from M2 to M1, resulting in polyp reduction (Nakanishi et al., 2011), highlighting promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.