PTGS2 and colonic neoplasm: Moreover, considering that TAMs express substantial amounts of COX-2, experiments in animal models of colon cancer, have demonstrated that the use of COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib, results in a phenotypic shift from M2 to M1, resulting in polyp reduction (Nakanishi et al., 2011), highlighting promising avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting immune cells within the tumor microenvironment.