AKT1 and atherosclerosis: HYSA has protective effects against atherosclerosis by regulating processes such as reverse cholesterol transport, fatty acid synthesis, oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3 inflammasome, TNFR1/NF-κB, NO-cGMP, Bax/Bcl-2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), CDK/CyclinD, and TLR4/Rac1/Akt signaling pathways (Xue et al., 2021).