Interestingly, RQC factors can display opposing functions in cancer development and suppression depending on specific circumstances, with some factors like ABCE1, ASCC3, and VCP suppressing cancer cell growth upon downregulation (23, 24, 26), while others like NEMF/Clbn and ZNF598 may promote it upon inhibition (27, 28). Here, ASCC3 is linked to cancer.