As highlighted below, we cannot rule out the possibility that the diet and/or treatment with insulin of the mothers diagnosed with GDM in this study were able to overcome any potential negative effects of GDM on the infant gut, which has previously been shown through metagenomics by Sugino et al.81 The study compared a conventional diet with a diet that was higher in complex carbohydrates and lower in fat in women diagnosed with GDM. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.