In HCC, CSCs are implicated in treatment resistance and poor survival outcomes.390,391 Liu et al. demonstrated that Notch3 is essential for liver CSC self-renewal and tumor proliferation.392 CAFs maintain the stability of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 A (LSD1) by inducing LSD1 deacetylation through Notch3 activation, accelerating the self-renewal of liver CSCs. The gene discussed is KDM1A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.