CD274 and glioblastoma: Han et al. (2021) also reported that engineered EVs loaded with siRNAs specific for SIRT6 suppress the growth and metastasis of SIRT6-driven prostate cancer. Survivin siRNA-containing EVs were shown to suppress the growth of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers, using different mouse models (Pi et al., 2018). Recently, EVs loaded with siRNAs were shown to boost immunotherapy by targeting PD-L1, CD38, or YTHDF1 in glioblastoma (Tian et al., 2022), HCC (Deng and Ke, 2023), or gastric cancer (You et al., 2023), respectively.