SMAD3 and allergic rhinitis: Furthermore, the MCODE plugin was employed to pinpoint 14 genes (Cyba, Nfkbia, Fos, Mpo, Il6, Il1b, Sele, Vcam1, F2, Tlr4, Alb, Egr1, Smad3, and Ptgs2) forming a primary cluster (Fig. 3B), potentially representing a crucial regulatory network for berberine in treating allergic rhinitis.