Notably, the researchers demonstrated that inactivating autophagy through the targeting of Atg3, Atg7, or p62/sequestosome-1 led to enhanced PFKFB3 expression, subsequently restoring breast cancer cell proliferation.Sutton MN et al. [95] conducted experiments involving amino acid deprivation on human ovarian cancer cells, revealing a consequential inhibition of mTOR expression. This evidence concerns the gene PFKFB3 and breast cancer.