CSF2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Our findings add to the results of these authors, as in vivo inhibition of the GPR43 receptor decreased the Lr effect on pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, and TSLP as well as the transcription factor NF-κB, all of which are involved with the chronicity of COPD.