Long-term studies of people with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome have shown that consuming low-carbohydrate higher-fat diets is safe and can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, and hemoglobin A1C, reduce the requirement for insulin and other diabetes medications, promote weight loss, reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and improve biomarkers of cardiovascular disease without adverse effects [148,149,150,151]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.