Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-complexed PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-IGF-1 NPs) have been proposed by Chang et al. [109] to provide early cardioprotection following acute MI, enhance IGF-1 retention, and induce Akt phosphorylation through intramyocardial injection. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and myocardial infarction.