In lung cancer resistant to cisplatin and doxorubicin, overexpression of IL-34 by tumor cells enhanced survival of chemo-resistant cells via activation of CSF1R-mediated AKT signaling and promoted TAM polarization towards M2 enhancing macrophage immunosuppressive function through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β-mediated mechanism [58]. This evidence concerns the gene IL34 and neoplasm.