CSF2 and cancer: Other chemokines found down-regulated and for which, therefore, DVA reduces their functions are CX3CL1 (Fractalkine), which with its axis stimulates cancer cell migration [47]; GM-CSF, which, when it is very high, can exhaust immune cells and promote cancer growth [48]; and some ILs, such as IL1-b, which is able to induce angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation [49].