TNF and Arthritis: Additionally, 80 mg/kg daily of chebulanin for 3 weeks significantly suppressed the progression and development of RA in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model by decreasing the arthritis severity score, attenuating paw swelling and joint destruction, and reducing IL-6 and TNF-α amounts, excised phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-p65, phosphorylated-c-JUN N-terminal kinase, and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor alpha, but without effects on extracellular-signal-regulated kinase levels [231].