In summary, Type I and Type II IFNs, interleukins such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21, along with GM-CSF used as an adjuvant, have the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines by modulating various stages of the immune response, thereby augmenting their protective effects against tuberculosis (Figure 1). Here, CSF2 is linked to tuberculosis.