TNF and COVID-19: In fact, anti-TNF-α therapy has been shown to have a protective effect in suppressing the maladaptive systemic inflammatory response that often characterizes severe COVID-19 [31], with several case series reporting more favorable COVID-19-related outcomes among both children and adults with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome treated by the monoclonal anti-TNF-α agent infliximab [32,33].