GJA1 and cancer: For instance, patients with cancers with high levels of Cx43 expression had a worse prognosis, such as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, primary breast cancer [33,34], melanoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [9], and glioma tumors [35], while elevated levels of Cx43 expression were related with significantly longer survival rates in some types of breast cancer [25], colorectal cancer [36], head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [37], hepatocellular carcinoma [38], pancreatic cancer [16], and prostate cancer [39].