TNF and ocular melanoma: However, when the balance within the generated ROS is disturbed, key transcription factors, such as activation of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor B (NFкB), and signal transducer, in turn stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and interleukin 6 [IL-6] pro-inflammatory cytokines, which ultimately leads to OM [23,24,25].