In contrast, inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (Table 2), suggesting similarity in their levels between the FECD + cataract and control/cataract groups, with the exception of IL-10, where levels revealed a strong trend to be increased in the FECD + cataract study group compared to the control/cataract group. Here, TNF is linked to cataract.