CCL2 and lung carcinoma: While MALAT1 and MCP-1 levels were higher in lung tumor specimens from WA lung cancer patients compared to their normal tissue counterparts (p = 0.043 and 0.041, respectively), a more pronounced increase was observed in lung tumors of AA patients relative to those in WAs (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) (Figure 3A,B).