Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is one the main chemoattractants in the neoplastic environment, determining an attraction of macrophages to TME and the shift of their differentiation to a pro-tumorigenic type [55]: Ao et al. documented in both allograft and xenograft mouse hepatoma models that PLX3397, a competitive inhibitor of the receptor of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1R), is able to delay tumor mass increase through macrophage transition from M2-type to M1-type, thus prolonging the survival of tumor-affected mice. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.