The choice of dosing (cycles of 3-week HDC/LD-IL-2 s.c. with 3-week [cycles 1–3] or 6-week [cycles 4–10] treatment-free periods during 18 months) was a compromise between the immune activation and tolerability of IL-2, resulting in a dose of IL-2 that is 40-fold lower than that used in oncology to treat renal cell carcinoma or other solid cancers [26]. Here, IL2 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.