M1 macrophages are characterized by pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α and promote cytotoxic T cell responses against melanoma cells, while M2 macrophages display anti-inflammatory and pro-tumor activities, secreting immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β and contributing to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immune evasion [105]. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.