TGF-β can also exert anti-angiogenic effects in melanoma through the following: (1) inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [66]; (2) regulation of ECM remodeling influencing the formation and stability of blood vessels; (3) and crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, such as Notch and Wnt pathways, modulating endothelial cell behavior and vessel formation [67]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to melanoma.