Higher plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-13, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-γ have been found in patients with severe DEN infections; we further compared the cytokine profiles among the parental and L-SIGN 7-tandem repeat or 9-tandem repeat transfectants. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.