RT functions as an inducer by eradicating malignant cells and eliciting a widespread immune reaction, whereas ICIs are monoclonal antibodies designed to block inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of APCs and CD4+ T cells, thereby modulating the immune system. These two approaches are associated with distinct adverse effects: RT may lead to transient side effects (alopecia, fatigue), while ICIs induce autoimmune and inflammatory responses. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and alopecia.