HSPD1 and cancer: HSP60 is overexpressed in most cancers, such as colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), oral cancer [147], and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas in bladder cancer and clear-cell renal carcinoma, HSP60 levels are significantly reduced [148].