FGF23 and chronic kidney disease: In addition to these factors, recent evidence supports the potential involvement of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), showing strong associations with endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality in CKD [10,11,12,13], as well as with vascular dysfunction and total body atherosclerosis [14,15].