NR1H4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Therefore, puerarin demonstrates regulatory effects on mitochondrial autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the livers of obese mice, with its positive impact on mitophagy factors and ubiquitin expression contingent on FXR modulation underscoring its potential role in ameliorating hepatic dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity.