TNF and diabetic kidney disease: Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as well as fibrotic markers including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and collagens are associated with the inflammatory and fibrotic processes underlying DKD progression [125,126].